A novel cyclodimerization of 3-methyl-3-butenenitrile. An efficient synthesis of 4-cyanoisophorone

Dimerization of 3-methyl-3-butenenitrile (1) by lithium dialkylamide gave selectively 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-amino-4-cyanocyclohexa-1,3-diene (2), which was easily hydrolyzed by aqueous acid to afford 4-cyanoisophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-4-cyano-cyclohex-2-enone) (3) quantitatively.     

Antisymmetrization effects on the effective internuclear potential

The effects of internuclear antisymmetrization in nucleus-nucleus scattering are studied by examining the structure of the exchange-Hamiltonian kernel function in the resonating group formulation. By investigating the features of the effective local potentials which are constructed to yield the same Born scattering amplitudes as the various nucleon-exchange terms in this kernel function, it is found that, among all exchange terms, the one-exchange and core-exchange terms have the largest influence. In addition, this investigation shows that the one-exchange terms, giving rise to a Wigner-type effective potential, are generally important in all scattering systems and over a wide energy range, while the core-exchange terms, giving rise to a Majorana-type effective potential, are generally important only when the nucleon-number difference of the interacting nuclei is rather small. Based on these results, it can therefore be concluded that, if a local-potential model is adopted to analyze experimental scattering results, then the real central part of the effective potential in this model must, in general, contain a Majorana exchange component or an odd-even l-dependence. Explicit resonating-group calculations in ${}^3\text{He}\text{+ α}\text{and}\text{α +}{}^{16}\text{O}$ systems, where contributions from individual exchange terms are studied, have also been performed. From this study, one finds that the conclusions mentioned above, reached in the Born approximation, may in fact be valid even in the lower-energy region.     

卤磷酸钙荧光粉中锑酸钙的检测及其形成原因探讨

众所周知,在卤磷酸钙荧光粉(以下简称卤粉)烧制过程中常形成锑酸钙(CaSb2O6:Mn)、正磷酸钙(Ca3(PO4)2:Sb,Mn)、焦磷酸钙(Ca2P2O7:Sb,Mn)等杂质相.已有不少工作研究了这些杂质相对卤粉效率的影响.这些研究表明,上述杂质相的存在降低了卤粉的发光效率,从而用含有杂质相的卤粉制灯,使灯的光通降低和光衰增大.曾有人使用化学分析方法来检测卤粉中的锑酸钙,即通过分析测定卤粉中Sb5+的含量来对应计算出锑酸钙的含量.最近,А.Е.Скреблюков等人提出了通过改变激发光波长测量卤粉的发光光谱来检测锑酸钙的方法,这一方法的特点是简便、可靠、准确、快速.本工作应用这一方法对几种卤粉中的锑酸钙进行了检测,并就卤粉制备过程中锑酸钙生成的原因进行了初步探讨.     

The block decomposition of a vandermonde matrix and its applications

This paper presents a new algorithm for the solution of linear equations with a Vandermonde coefficient matrix. The algorithm can also be used to solve the dual problem. Since the algorithm uses a block decomposition of the matrix, it is especially suitable for parallel computation. A variation of the block decomposition leads to the efficient solution of the interpolation problem with complex-conjugate interpolation points where the coefficients of the interpolating polynomial are real. In addition the algorithm can be used to solve some kinds of confluent Vandermonde systems.W. P. Tang is a graduate student in the Computer Science Department at Stanford University, on leave from the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Science in Peking.The work of Professor Golub was in part supported by NSF Grant No. MCS78-11985.     

Unfolding Features of Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase Studied by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy

Chemical unfolding of bovine testicular hyaluronidase (HAase) has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermodynamic parameters were determined for unfolding HAase from changes in the intrinsic fluorescence emission intensity and the formations of several possible unfolding intermediates have been identified. This was further confirmed by representation of fluorescence data in terms of ‘phase diagram’. The secondary structures of HAase have been assigned and semiquantitatively estimated from the FTIR. The occurrence of conformational change during chemical unfolding as judged by fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the unfolding of HAase may not follow the typical two-state model.     

X-ray resonance in crystal cavities: realization of Fabry-Perot resonator for hard x rays

X-ray back diffraction from monolithic two silicon crystal plates of 25-150 microm thickness and a 40-150 microm gap using synchrotron radiation of energy resolution DeltaE = 0.36 meV at 14.4388 keV clearly show resonance fringes inside the energy gap and the total-reflection range for the (12 4 0) reflection. This cavity resonance results from the coherent interaction between the x-ray wave fields generated by the two plates with a gap smaller than the x-ray coherence length. This finding opens up new opportunities for high-resolution and phase-contrast x-ray studies, and may lead to new developments in x-ray optics.     

Body-centered-cubic Ni and its magnetic properties

The body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase of Ni, which does not exist in nature, has been achieved as a thin film on GaAs(001) at 170 K via molecular beam epitaxy. The bcc Ni is ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of 456 K and possesses a magnetic moment of 0.52+/-0.08 micro(B)/atom. The cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy of bcc Ni is determined to be +4.0x10(5) ergs x cm(-3), as opposed to -5.7x10(4) ergs x cm(-3) for the naturally occurring face-centered-cubic (fcc) Ni. This sharp contrast in the magnetic anisotropy is attributed to the different electronic band structures between bcc Ni and fcc Ni, which are determined using angle-resolved photoemission with synchrotron radiation.     

Self-energy correction to momentum-density distribution of positron-electron pairs

Positron two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (2D ACAR), i.e., the 2D projection of the electron momentum densities sampled by positron, in Si is employed to verify the prediction of the density functional theory within the local-density approximation (LDA). Carefully conducted test shows that the LDA introduces small but definite discrepancies to the 2D-ACAR anisotropies. Self-energy calculation using the GW method indicates that density-fluctuation contributes anisotropic momentum-density correction and thus improves the agreement between theory and experiment. These results provide valuable annotations to the arguments concerning the accuracy and validity of the LDA and GW schemes.     

BaTiO3 thin-film waveguide modulator with a low voltage-length product at near-infrared wavelengths of 0.98 and 1.55 microm

A BaTiO3 thin-film electro-optic waveguide modulator with a low half-wave voltage-length product has been demonstrated at near-infrared wavelengths of 1-1.6 microm. Half-wave voltage-length products as small as 0.25 and 0.5 V cm were measured for a 5-mm-long device at wavelengths of 973 and 1561 nm, respectively. The effective electro-optic coefficients were calculated as 420 pm/V at 973 nm and 360 pm/V at 1561 nm. Further improvements in device performance by optimizing the ferroelectric domain structure are anticipated.     

Anion adsorption induced reversal of coherency strain

Experimental results are presented for stress evolution, in vacuum and electrolyte, for the first monolayer of Cu on Au(111). In electrolyte the monolayer is pseudomorphic and the stress-thickness change is -0.60 N/m, while conventional epitaxy theory predicts a value of +7.76 N/m. In vacuum, the monolayer is incoherent with the underlying gold. Using a combination of first-principles based calculations and molecular dynamic simulations we analyzed these results and demonstrate that in electrolyte, overlayer coherency is maintained owing to anion adsorption.